地埋聚氨酯發(fā)泡保溫鋼管熱力輸送管道優(yōu)勢(shì)，供暖系統(tǒng)是公用市政系統(tǒng)中一個(gè)重要組成部分。根據(jù)建筑工程的不同要求和用途，有多種供熱形式：分為低壓蒸汽采暖、高壓蒸汽采暖、低溫水采暖、高壓水采暖和余熱采暖等。
Buried polyurethane foamed insulating steel pipe has the advantage of thermal transmission pipeline. Heating system is an important part of public municipal system. According to the different requirements and uses of construction projects, there are many heating modes: low pressure steam heating, high pressure steam heating, low temperature water heating, high pressure water heating and waste heat heating.
目前普遍采用的是低溫水供熱，因?yàn)樗日羝晒?jié)約能源20％－30％。采暖系統(tǒng)是由引入管、導(dǎo)管、立支管及散熱器、閥門、集氣罐、膨脹水箱、除污器、減壓器和平衡閥等組成。
At present, low-temperature water heating is widely used, because it can save 20-30% energy than steam. Heating system is composed of leading pipe, conduit, riser and radiator, valve, gas collecting tank, expansion water tank, decontaminator, pressure reducer and balance valve.
室外供熱管道通常分為一次供熱管道和二次供熱管道，一次供熱管道壓力小于等于1.6MPa，熱水溫度不超過(guò)150℃,二次供熱管道壓力小于等于1.2MPa，熱水溫度不超過(guò)100℃。室外采暖管道安裝包括直埋管道或架空管道工程。
Outdoor heating pipeline is usually divided into primary heating pipeline and secondary heating pipeline. The pressure of primary heating pipeline is less than or equal to 1.6 MPa, the temperature of hot water is not more than 150 degrees, the pressure of secondary heating pipeline is less than or equal to 1.2 MPa, and the temperature of hot water is not more than 100 degrees. Installation of outdoor heating pipeline includes direct buried pipeline or overhead pipeline engineering.
二、材料及機(jī)工具要求
II. Material and Tool Requirements
（1）管材：碳素鋼管、無(wú)縫鋼管。管材不得彎曲；銹蝕，無(wú)飛刺、重皮及凹凸不平現(xiàn)象。
(1) Pipe material: Carbon steel pipe, seamless steel pipe. Pipe should not be bent; rust, no spur, heavy skin and uneven phenomenon.
(2)管件：無(wú)偏扣、方扣、亂扣、斷絲，不得有砂眼、裂紋和角度不準(zhǔn)確現(xiàn)象。
(2) Pipe fittings: unbiased buckle, square buckle, random buckle, broken wire, no sand hole, crack and angle inaccuracy.
(3)閥門：規(guī)格型號(hào)和適用溫度，壓力符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。鑄造規(guī)矩，無(wú)毛刺、無(wú)裂紋，開(kāi)關(guān)靈活嚴(yán)密，絲扣無(wú)損傷，直度和角度正確，手輪無(wú)損傷。有出廠合格證，安裝前應(yīng)按有關(guān)規(guī)定進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度、嚴(yán)密性試驗(yàn)。
(3) Valves: specifications, models and applicable temperature, pressure in line with the design requirements. Foundry rules, no burrs, no cracks, flexible and tight switch, no damage to the thread, straightness and angle is correct, no damage to the handwheel. The strength and tightness test shall be carried out before installation with the factory certificate.
(4)附屬裝置：減壓器、疏水器、過(guò)濾器、補(bǔ)償器、法蘭等符合設(shè)計(jì)要求，應(yīng)有產(chǎn)品合格證和說(shuō)明書。
(4) Accessory devices: pressure reducers, traps, filters, compensators, flanges, etc. meet the design requirements, and should have product certificates and specifications.
(5)其他材料：型鋼、圓鋼、管卡子、螺栓、螺母、油、麻、墊、電氣焊條等。選用時(shí)應(yīng)符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。
(5) Other materials: section steel, round steel, pipe clips, bolts, nuts, oil, hemp, cushions, electric welding rods, etc. The selection should meet the design requirements.
(6)機(jī)具：砂輪鋸、套絲機(jī)、臺(tái)鉆、電焊機(jī)、煨彎器等。
(6) Machinery: grinding wheel saw, wire sleeve machine, drill, welding machine, bender, etc.
(7)工具：壓力案、臺(tái)虎鉗、電焊工具、管鉗、手錘、手鋸、活扳子等。
(7) Tools: pressure cases, bench vises, welding tools, pipe pliers, hammers, hand saws, flexible wrenches, etc.
(8)其他：鋼卷尺、水平尺、線墜、粉筆、小線等。
(8) Others: steel tape, horizontal ruler, line drop, chalk, small line, etc.
三、室外管道安裝：
3. Outdoor Pipeline Installation:
(1)安裝直埋管道，必須在溝底找平夯實(shí)，沿管線鋪設(shè)位置無(wú)雜物，溝寬及溝底標(biāo)高尺寸復(fù)核無(wú)誤。
(1) To install directly buried pipelines, it is necessary to leveling and tamping the bottom of the trench, laying the position along the pipeline without any debris, and checking the width of the trench and the elevation of the trench bottom.
(2)安裝地溝內(nèi)的干管，應(yīng)在管溝砌完后、蓋溝蓋板前，安裝好托吊卡架后進(jìn)行。
(2) Installation of trunk pipes in trenches shall be carried out after the trenches have been built and before the cover plate of the trenches has been covered, after the support crane frame has been installed.
（3）安裝架空的干管，應(yīng)先搭好腳手架，穩(wěn)裝好管道支架后進(jìn)行。
(3) Installation of overhead trunk pipes should be carried out after scaffolding and stable installation of pipeline brackets.
四、施工工藝流程及操作方法
4. Construction process and operation method
（1）直埋敷設(shè)保溫管安裝工藝流程
(1) Installation process of directly buried insulating pipe
放線定位 管道吊裝 管道校正 焊接
Correction Welding of Lifting Pipeline for Placing Positioning Pipeline
焊口修復(fù) 探傷試驗(yàn) 水壓試驗(yàn)
Hydraulic Pressure Test of Weld Repair and Flaw Detection Test
焊口防腐保溫 補(bǔ)償器安裝 供熱試運(yùn)行
Trial Operation of Installation and Heating of Weld Joint Corrosion and Insulation Compensator
五、供熱管道安裝注意事項(xiàng)
5. Notices for Installation of Heating Pipeline
(1)管道下溝前，應(yīng)檢查溝底標(biāo)高、溝寬尺寸是否符合設(shè)計(jì)要求，保溫管應(yīng)檢查保溫層是否有損傷，如局部有損傷時(shí)，應(yīng)將損傷部位放在上面，并做好標(biāo)記，便于統(tǒng)一修理；
(1) Before the pipeline goes down the ditch, the elevation of the ditch bottom and the width of the ditch should be checked to meet the design requirements. The insulating pipe should check whether the insulating layer is damaged or not. If there is local damage, the damaged part should be put on it and marked well to facilitate unified repair.
(2)管道應(yīng)先在溝外進(jìn)行分段焊接以減少固定焊口，每段長(zhǎng)度一般在25－35m為宜。下管時(shí)溝內(nèi)不得站人，采用機(jī)械或人工下管均應(yīng)將管緩慢、平直地下入溝內(nèi)，不得造成管道彎曲；
(2) Pipeline should be welded sectionally outside the groove to reduce fixed weld joints. The length of each section is generally 25-35m. No one should stand in the ditch when the pipe is laid down. When the pipe is laid down by mechanical or manual means, the pipe should be slowly and straight underground into the ditch, and the pipe should not be bent.
(3)溝內(nèi)管道焊接，連接前必須清理管腔，找平找直，焊接處要挖出操作坑，其大小要便于焊接操作；
(3) Pipeline welding in ditches must be cleaned and straightened before joining, and operation pits should be excavated at the welding site, which is easy for welding operation.
(4)閥門、配件、補(bǔ)償器支架等，應(yīng)在施工前按施工要求預(yù)先放在溝邊沿線，并在試壓前安裝完畢；
(4) Valves, fittings, compensator brackets, etc. shall be pre-positioned along the ditch edge in accordance with construction requirements before construction and installed before pressure test;
(5)管道水壓試驗(yàn)，應(yīng)符合設(shè)計(jì)要求和規(guī)范規(guī)定，辦理隱檢試壓手續(xù)，待檢驗(yàn)合格后把水泄凈，沖洗管道；
(5) Pipeline water pressure test shall comply with the design requirements and specifications, go through the procedure of hidden inspection and pressure test, and after passing the inspection, drain the water and flush the pipeline;
(6)管道防腐，應(yīng)預(yù)先集中處理，管道兩端留出焊口的距離，焊門處的防腐在試壓完后再處理； 聚氨酯發(fā)泡保溫鋼管由于聚氨酯硬質(zhì)泡沫保溫層緊密地粘結(jié)在鋼管外皮，隔絕了空氣和水的滲入，能起到良好的防腐作用。同時(shí)它的發(fā)泡孔都是閉合的，吸水性很小。高密度聚乙烯外殼、玻璃鋼外殼均具有良好的防腐、絕緣和機(jī)械性能。因此，工作鋼管外皮很難受到外界空氣和水的侵蝕。只要管道內(nèi)部水質(zhì)處理好，據(jù)國(guó)外資料介紹，高溫預(yù)制直埋保溫管的使用壽命可達(dá)50年以上，比傳統(tǒng)的地溝敷設(shè)、架空敷設(shè)使用壽命高占地少，施工快，有利環(huán)境保護(hù)。
(6) pipeline anticorrosion should be centralized in advance. The distance between the ends of the pipeline should be set aside, and the anticorrosion of the welded door should be retreated after the test pressure. The polyurethane foam insulation pipe is tightly bonded to the outer skin of the steel pipe because of the rigid polyurethane foam insulation layer, which can prevent the infiltration of air and water, and can play a good anti-corrosion role. At the same time, its foaming holes are closed and its water absorption is very small. High density polyethylene shell and FRP shell have good anti-corrosion, insulation and mechanical properties. Therefore, the outer skin of the working steel pipe is very difficult to be eroded by the outside air and water. As long as the internal water quality of the pipeline is well treated, according to foreign information, the service life of the high temperature prefabricated directly buried insulation pipe can reach more than 50 years, which occupies less land and is faster than the traditional trench laying and overhead laying, and is conducive to environmental protection.
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